What is a Diesel Particulate Filter and How Does It Work

Although structurally and in terms of placement, the DPF is quite similar to a catalytic converter, it operates on a different principle. It captures and neutralizes harmful substances emitted from the engine into the exhaust system, but unlike catalytic converters, it focuses on soot rather than excess fuel. Soot is formed from free carbon atoms that crystallize into graphite particles when more active hydrogen burns in the cylinders.
Hydrocarbons break down this way only in diesel engines, where ignition occurs through compression and heating rather than spark ignition. Therefore, soot emissions are a problem exclusive to diesel vehicles. Previously, this process was considered inevitable, and other road users had to endure the "cuttlefish effect." However, since 2005, DPFs have become mandatory for all diesel vehicles.
While harmful substances in gasoline engines' catalytic converters are decomposed partly by the exhaust gas temperature, diesel exhaust temperature is insufficient for soot combustion. The standard regeneration system works in two ways:
1. Increasing exhaust temperature to 600-800°C, which is possible when the filter is installed close to the engine.
2. Using a special fluid at standard temperatures, applicable when the DPF is located mid-exhaust system.
The concept works well in theory, but in practice, both methods prove inefficient. The designed DPF cleaning system requires numerous factors to align, which is challenging during everyday driving. Consequently, the filter clogs, leading to incorrect vehicle operation, increased fuel consumption, engine starting issues, and excessive smoke..

What to Do If the DPF Is Clogged

There are three options for solving this problem:● Replacement;● Removal;● Cleaning.
The first option seems the most obvious but is extremely costly. Since manufacturers do not consider DPFs as consumables, their prices are exorbitant. The cost of a DPF for some car models, even non-premium ones, can exceed $10,000, which often matches the residual value of a used car.Removing the DPF solves the filter issue but not the environmental one. Emission standards would be ignored, affecting vehicle inspections and potentially barring travel to Europe. Moreover, the black smoke with a bitter, unpleasant smell would return.
DPF cleaning, however, addresses the problems while maintaining the vehicle's characteristics. This method is effective and affordable, provided the correct cleaning method is chosen.

Methods and Equipment for DPF Cleaning

Several DPF cleaning methods exist, though not all are effective, and some (e.g., ultrasonic cleaning) are not budget-friendly. The chemical method, involving strong cleaning agents, is most popular among diesel vehicle owners and service stations.
Manufacturers claim some chemicals can clean the filter without removal. The contents of the can are injected through a hose into the first lambda sensor hole, which is unscrewed for this purpose. However, for best results, the DPF should be removed and soaked in the chemical solution for 8-12 hours. The approximate cost of a good cleaning agent, including a fluid to pour into the tank to enhance the effect, is about 2000-2500 UAH.
Our MS900 DPF cleaning stand operates on a completely different principle. It uses a hydropneumatic method, where filters are cleaned with warm water and compressed air shock pulses. This method is much more environmentally friendly than using hazardous chemicals and significantly faster. The entire DPF cleaning cycle, which includes several stages:● Preliminary diagnostics;● Washing;● Drying;● Final diagnostics.
takes an average of 2-3 hours. Our DPF cleaning equipment works with all types of DPFs for both passenger and commercial vehicles.
The cost of cleaning is comparable to that of chemical agents, including labor. For example, for passenger cars, it is 1800 UAH/unit for service stations and 2300 UAH for retail customers.
The MS900 DPF cleaning equipment is also cost-effective for those who wish to purchase and use it independently. It only requires electricity, clean water in a closed cycle, and BB20 filters for water filtration.

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